CBTA Annex 1-2 Pilot, Instructor/ Evaluator competencies competencies

Competency-Based Training and Assessment (CBTA) Expansion within the Aviation System, White Paper, (March 2024)

Annex 1. Pilot competencies

Competency Description	Observable behaviors
Application of knowledge Demonstrates knowledge and understanding of relevant information, operating instructions, aircraft systems and the operating environment	OB 0.1 Demonstrates practical and applicable knowledge of limitations and systems and their interaction  OB 0.2 Demonstrates required knowledge of published operating instructions  OB 0.3 Demonstrates knowledge of the physical environment, the air traffic environment including routings, weather, airports and the operational infrastructure  OB 0.4 Demonstrates appropriate knowledge of applicable legislation OB 0.5 Knows where to source required information  OB 0.6 Demonstrates a positive interest in acquiring knowledge  OB 0.7 Is able to apply knowledge effectively
Application of procedures and compliance with regulations Identifies and applies appropriate procedures in accordance with published operating instructions and applicable regulations	OB 1.1 Identifies where to find procedures and regulations OB 1.2 Applies relevant operating instructions, procedures and techniques in a timely manner OB 1.3 Follows SOPs unless a higher degree of safety dictates an appropriate deviation OB 1.4 Operates aeroplane systems and associated equipment correctly OB 1.5 Monitors aircraft systems status OB 1.6 Complies with applicable regulations. OB 1.7 Applies relevant procedural knowledge
Communication Communicates through appropriate means in the operational environment, in both normal and non normal situations	OB 2.1 Determines that the recipient is ready and able to receive information OB 2.2 Selects appropriately what, when, how and with whom to communicate OB 2.3 Conveys messages clearly, accurately and concisely OB 2.4 Confirms that the recipient demonstrates understanding of important information OB 2.5 Listens actively and demonstrates understanding when receiving information OB 2.6 Asks relevant and effective questions OB 2.7 Uses appropriate escalation in communication to resolve identified deviations OB 2.8 Uses and interprets non-verbal communication in a manner appropriate to the organizational and social culture OB 2.9 Adheres to standard radiotelephone phraseology and procedures OB 2.10 Accurately reads, interprets, constructs and responds to datalink messages in English
Aeroplane Flight Path Management, automation Controls the flight path through automation	OB 3.1 Uses appropriate flight management, guidance systems and automation, as installed and applicable to the conditions  OB 3.2 Monitors and detects deviations from the intended flight path and takes appropriate action OB 3.3 Manages the flight path safely to achieve optimum operational performance OB 3.4 Maintains the intended flight path during flight using automation while managing other tasks and distractions OB 3.5 Selects appropriate level and mode of automation in a timely manner considering phase of flight and workload OB 3.6 Effectively monitors automation, including engagement and automatic mode transitions
Aeroplane Flight Path Management, manual control Controls the flight path through manual control	OB 4.1 Controls the aircraft manually with accuracy and smoothness as appropriate to the situation OB 4.2 Monitors and detects deviations from the intended flight path and takes appropriate action OB 4.3 Manually controls the aeroplane using the relationship between aeroplane attitude, speed and thrust, and navigation signals or visual information OB 4.4 Manages the flight path safely to achieve optimum operational performance OB 4.5 Maintains the intended flight path during manual flight while managing other tasks and distractions OB 4.6 Uses appropriate flight management and guidance systems, as installed and applicable to the conditions  OB 4.7 Effectively monitors flight guidance systems including engagement and automatic mode transitions
Leadership and Teamwork Influences others to contribute to a shared purpose. Collaborates to accomplish the goals of the team	OB 5.1 Encourages team participation and open communication OB 5.2 Demonstrates initiative and provides direction when required OB 5.3 Engages others in planning OB 5.4 Considers inputs from others OB 5.5 Gives and receives feedback constructively OB 5.6 Addresses and resolves conflicts and disagreements in a constructive manner OB 5.7 Exercises decisive leadership when required OB 5.8 Accepts responsibility for decisions and actions OB 5.9 Carries out instructions when directed OB 5.10 Applies effective intervention strategies to resolve identified deviations OB 5.11 Manages cultural and language challenges, as applicable
Problem Solving and Decision Making Identifies precursors, mitigates problems; and makes decisions	OB 6.1 Identifies, assesses and manages threats and errors in a timely manner OB 6.2 Seeks accurate and adequate information from appropriate sources OB 6.3 Identifies and verifies what and why things have gone wrong, if appropriate OB 6.4 Perseveres in working through problems while prioritizing safety OB 6.5 Identifies and considers appropriate options OB 6.6 Applies appropriate and timely decision-making techniques OB 6.7 Monitors, reviews and adapts decisions as required OB 6.8 Adapts when faced with situations where no guidance or procedure exists OB 6.9 Demonstrates resilience when encountering an unexpected event
Situation awareness and management of information Perceives, comprehends and manages information and anticipates its effect on the operation.	OB 7.1 Monitors and assesses the state of the aeroplane and its systems OB 7.2 Monitors and assesses the aeroplane’s energy state, and its anticipated flight path. OB 7.3 Monitors and assesses the general environment as it may affect the operation OB 7.4 Validates the accuracy of information and checks for gross errors OB 7.5 Maintains awareness of the people involved in or affected by the operation and their capacity to perform as expected OB 7.6 Develops effective contingency plans based upon potential risks associated with threats and errors OB 7.7 Responds to indications of reduced situation awareness
Workload Management Maintain available workload capacity by prioritizing and distributing tasks using appropriate resources	OB 8.1 Exercises self-control in all situations OB 8.2 Plans, prioritizes and schedules appropriate tasks effectively OB 8.3 Manages time efficiently when carrying out tasks OB 8.4 Offers and gives assistance OB 8.5 Delegates tasks OB 8.6 Seeks and accepts assistance, when appropriate OB 8.7 Monitors, reviews and cross-checks actions conscientiously OB 8.8 Verifies that tasks are completed to the expected outcome OB 8.9 Manages and recovers from interruptions, distractions, variations and failures effectively while performing tasks

Annex 2. Instructor/Evaluator competencies 

Competency Description	Observable behaviors
Pilot Competencies Refer to the description in the Pilot Competencies in Annex 1 above	Refer to observable behaviors in the Pilot Competencies in Annex 1 above
Management of the learning environment Ensures that the instruction, assessment and evaluation are conducted in a suitable and safe environment.	IOB 2.1 Applies TEM in the context of instruction/evaluation IOB 2.2 Briefs on safety procedures for situations that are likely to develop during instruction/evaluation IOB 2.3 Intervenes appropriately, at the correct time and level (e.g., progresses from verbal assistance to taking over control) IOB 2.4 Resumes instruction/evaluation as practicable after any intervention IOB 2.5 Plans and prepares training media, equipment and resources IOB 2.6 Briefs on training devices or aircraft limitations that may influence training, when applicable IOB 2.7 Creates and manages conditions (e.g., airspace, ATC, weather, time, etc.) to be suitable for the training objectives IOB 2.8 Adapts to changes in the environment whilst minimizing training disruptions IOB 2.9 Manages time, training media and equipment to ensure that training objectives are met
Instruction Conducts training to develop the trainee’s competencies.	IOB 3.1 References approved sources (operations, technical, and training manuals, standards and regulations) IOB 3.2 States clearly the objectives and clarifies roles for the training IOB 3.3 Follows the approved training program IOB 3.4 Applies instructional methods as appropriate (e.g., explanation, demonstration, facilitation, discover with assistance, discover without assistance) IOB 3.5 Sustains operational relevance and realism IOB 3.6 Adapts the amount of instructor inputs to ensure that the training objectives are met IOB 3.7 Adapts to situations that might disrupt a planned sequence of events IOB 3.8 Continuously assesses trainee’s competencies IOB 3.9 Encourages the trainee to self-assess  IOB 3.10 Allows trainee to self-correct in a timely manner IOB 3.11 Applies trainee-centered feedback techniques (e.g., facilitation, etc.) IOB 3.12 Provides positive reinforcement
Interaction with the trainees Supports the trainees’ learning and development and Demonstrates exemplary behavior (role model)	IOB 4.1 Shows respect for the trainees (e.g., for culture, language, experience) IOB 4.2 Shows patience and empathy (e.g., by actively listening, reading non-verbal messages and encouraging dialogue) IOB 4.3 Manages trainees’ barriers to learning IOB 4.4 Encourages engagement and mutual support IOB 4.5 Coaches the trainees IOB 4.6 Supports the goal and training policies of the operator/ATO and Authority IOB 4.7 Shows integrity (e.g., honesty and professional principles) IOB 4.8 Demonstrates acceptable personal conduct, acceptable social practices, content expertise, a model for professional and interpersonal behavior IOB 4.9 Actively seeks and accepts feedback to improve own performance
Assessment and Evaluation Assesses the competencies of the trainee and Contributes to continuous training system improvement	IOB 5.1 Complies with Operator/ATOs and Authority requirements IOB 5.2 Ensures that the trainee understands the assessment process IOB 5.3 Applies the competency standards and conditions IOB 5.4 Assesses trainee’s competencies IOB 5.5 Performs grading IOB 5.6 Provides recommendations based on the outcome of the assessment IOB 5.7 Makes decisions based on the outcome of the summative assessment IOB 5.8 Provides clear feedback to the trainee IOB 5.9 Reports strengths and weaknesses of the training system (e.g., training environment, curriculum, assessment/evaluation) including feedback from trainees IOB 5.10 Suggests improvements for the training system IOB 5.11 Produces reports using appropriate forms and media